Vladivostok (English) Владивосток (Russian)
-  City[1]  -
View of Vladivostok and the Golden Horn Bay
Vladivostok Location of Vladivostok in Primorsky Krai
Coordinates: 43°08′N 131°54′E / 43.133°N 131.9°E / 43.133; 131.9Coordinates: 43°08′N 131°54′E / 43.133°N 131.9°E / 43.133; 131.9
Coat of arms
City Day	First Sunday of July[citation needed]
Administrative status (as of November 2011)
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Primorsky Krai[1]
Administratively subordinated to	Vladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction[1]
Administrative center of	Primorsky Krai,[citation needed] Vladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction[1]
Municipal status (as of December 2004)
Urban okrug	Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of	Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug[2]
Head[citation needed]	Igor Pushkaryov[citation needed]
Representative body	Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Area	600 km2 (230 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	592,069 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010	22nd
Population (2002 Census)	594,701 inhabitants[4]
- Rank in 2002	23rd
Density (2010)	987 /km2 (2,560 /sq mi)[3]
Time zone	VLAT (UTC+11:00)[5]
Founded	July 2, 1860[6]
City status since	April 22, 1880[citation needed]
Postal code(s)	690xxx[citation needed]
Dialing code(s)	+7 423[citation needed]
Official website
Vladivostok on WikiCommons

Vladivostok (Russian: Владивосток; IPA: [vlədʲɪvɐˈstok] ( listen); Chinese: 海參崴; pinyin: Hǎishēnwǎi) is a city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated at the head of the Golden Horn Bay, not far from Russia's borders with China and North Korea. The population of the city, according to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, is 592,069,^[3] down from 594,701 recorded in the 2002 Census.^[4]

The city is the home port of the Russian Pacific Fleet and the largest Russian port on the Pacific Ocean.

In 2012, Vladivostok will host the 24th Summit of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. In preparation for the event, the infrastructure of the city is being renovated and improved. Two giant cable-stayed bridges are currently under construction in Vladivostok, namely the Zolotoy Rog bridge over the Golden Horn Bay in the center of the city, and the Russky Island Bridge from the mainland to Russky Island, where the summit will take place. The latter bridge will become the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world upon completion.

Names[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

The name Vladivostok loosely translates from Russian as "Ruler of the East"—a name similar to Vladikavkaz which means "Ruler of the Caucasus". In Chinese, the city was known since the Qing Dynasty as Hǎishēnwǎi (海參崴, meaning "sea cucumber cliffs"). In modern day China, it is known by the transliteration Fúlādíwòsītuōkè (符拉迪沃斯托克), although its historical Chinese name Hǎishēnwǎi is still often used. The Japanese name of the city is Urajiosutoku (ウラジオストク; a rough transliteration of the Russian originally written in Kanji as 浦塩斯徳 and often shortened to Urajio; ウラジオ; 浦塩). In Korean, the name is transliterated as Beulladiboseutokeu (블라디보스토크) in South Korea, Ullajibosŭttokhŭ (울라지보스또크) in North Korea, and Beullajiboseu-ttokeu (블라지보스또크) by Koreans in China.

Geography[link]

The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.

The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m. Eagle's Nest Mount is often called the highest point of the city; however, with the height of only 199 m (214 m according to other sources), it is the highest point of the downtown area, but not of the whole city.

History[link]

The territory on which modern Vladivostok is located had been part of many nations, such as the Mohe, Bohai Kingdom, Goguryeo, Jīn Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, and various other Korean and Chinese dynasties, before Russia acquired the entire Maritime Province and the island of Sakhalin by the Treaty of Beijing (1860). Qing China, which had just lost the Opium War with Britain, was unable to defend the region. The Pacific coast near Vladivostok was settled mainly by the Chinese and Manchus during the Qing Dynasty period. A French whaler visiting the Golden Horn Bay in 1852 discovered Chinese or Manchu village fishermen on its shore. The Manchus banned Han Chinese from most of Manchuria including the Vladivostok area—it was only visited by shēnzéi who illegally entered the area seeking ginseng or sea cucumbers.

On June 20 (July 2 Gregorian style), 1860 the military supply ship Manchur, under the command of Captain-Lieutenant Alexey K. Shefner, called at the Golden Horn Bay to found an outpost called Vladivostok. Warrant officer Nikolay Komarov with 28 soldiers and two non-commissioned officers under his command were brought from Nikolayevsk-on-Amur by ship to construct the first buildings of the future city.

The Manza War in 1868 was the first attempt by Russia to expel Chinese from territory it controlled. Hostilities broke out around Vladivostok when the Russians tried to shut off gold mining operations and expel Chinese workers there.^[7] The Chinese resisted a Russian attempt to take Ashold Island and in response, 2 Russian military stations and 3 Russian towns were attacked by the Chinese, and the Russians failed to oust the Chinese.^[8]

An elaborate system of fortifications was erected between the 1870s and 1890s. A telegraph line from Vladivostok to Shanghai and Nagasaki was opened in 1871, the year when a commercial port was relocated here from Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. Town status was granted on April 22, 1880. A coat of arms, representing the Siberian tiger, was adopted in March 1883.

Vladivostok circa 1898

The first high school was opened in 1899. The city's economy was given a boost in 1903, with the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which connected Vladivostok to Moscow and Europe. In the wake of the October Revolution, Vladivostok was of great military importance for the Far Eastern Republic, the Provisional Priamurye Government, and the Allied intervention, consisting of foreign troops from Japan, the United States, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and other nations.^[9] 1,600 Chinese troops also intervened in response to a request by the Chinese community in the area for aid.^[10] The taking of the city by Ieronim Uborevich's Red Army on October 25, 1922 marked the end of the Russian Civil War.

American troops in Vladivostok during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War (August 1918)

As the main naval base of the Soviet Pacific Fleet, the city was officially closed to foreigners during the Soviet years. It was at Vladivostok that Leonid Brezhnev and Gerald Ford conducted the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks in 1974. At the time, the two countries decided quantitative limits on various nuclear weapons systems and banned the construction of new land-based ICBM launchers.

In 2012, Vladivostok will host the 24th APEC summit. Leaders from the APEC member countries will meet on Russky Island, off the coast of Vladivostok.^[11] With the planned summit on Russky Island, the government and private businesses are building resorts, dinner and entertainment facilities, in addition to the renovation and upgrading of Vladivostok International Airport.^[12] Two giant cable-stayed bridges are currently under construction in preparation for the summit, namely the Zolotoy Rog bridge over the Zolotoy Rog Bay in the center of the city, and the Russky Island Bridge from the mainland to Russky Island (it will become the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world upon completion). The new campus of Far Eastern Federal University will be completed on Russky Island by 2012.

Administrative and municipal status[link]

Administratively, along with five rural localities, it is incorporated as Vladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] Municipally, Vladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated as Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug.^[2]

Climate[link]

Mean annual temperature: +4.9 °C (40.82 °F)

Average temperature in January: −12.3 °C (9.9 °F)

Average temperature in August: +19.8 °C (67.64 °F)

Average annual precipitation: 818 mm (32.2 in) (strong summer maximum)

Köppen climate classification: Dwb (monsoon-influenced humid continental climate, warm summers)

Demographics[link]

Church of Our Lady's Protection

Fokina Street in the central part of Vladivostok (March 2004)

The population of the city, according to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, is 592,069,^[3] down from 594,701 recorded in the 2002 Census.^[4] This is further down from 633,838 recorded in the 1989 Census.^[14] Ethnic Russians and Ukrainians make up the majority of the population.

Economy[link]

The city's main industries are shipping, commercial fishing, and the naval base. Fishing accounts for almost four-fifths of Vladivostok's commercial production. Other food production totals 11%.

A very important employer and a major source of revenue for the city's inhabitants is the import of Japanese cars.^[15] Besides salesmen, the industry employs repairmen, fitters, import clerks as well as shipping and railway companies.^[16] The Vladivostok dealers sell 250,000 cars a year, with 200,000 going to other parts of Russia.^[16] Every third worker in the Primorsky Krai has some relation to the automobile import business. In recent years, the Russian government has made attempts to improve the country's own car industry. This has included raising tariffs for imported cars, which has put the car import business in Vladivostok in difficulties. To compensate, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin ordered the car manufacturing company Sollers to move one of its factories from Moscow to Vladivostok. The move was completed in 2009, and the factory now employs about 700 locals. It is planned to produce 13,200 cars in Vladivostok in 2010.^[15]

Transportation[link]

Vladivostok is the starting point of Ussuri Highway (M60) to Khabarovsk, the eastern most part of Trans-Siberian Highway that goes all the way to Moscow and Saint Petersburg via Novosibirsk. The other main highways go east to Nakhodka and south to Khasan.

The Trans-Siberian Railway was built to connect European Russia with Vladivostok, Russia's most important Pacific Ocean port. Finished in 1905, the rail line ran from Moscow to Vladivostok via several of Russia's main cities. Part of the railroad, known as the Chinese Eastern Line, crossed over into Manchuria, China, passing through Harbin, a major city in Manchuria. During the Soviet era, Vladivostok's status as a closed city meant that ferry-passenger tourists arriving from Japan to travel the Trans-Siberian railway westbound had to embark in Nakhodka. Today, Vladivostok serves as the main starting point for the Trans-Siberian portion of the Eurasian Land Bridge.

Air routes connect Vladivostok International Airport with Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Vietnam.

It is possible to get to Vladivostok from several of the larger cities in Russia. Regular flights to Seattle, Washington were available in the 1990s but have been canceled since. Vladivostok Air resumed flying to Anchorage, Alaska in July 2008.

Urban transportation[link]

On June 28, 1908, Vladivostok's first tram line was started along Svetlanskaya Street from the railway station in Lugovaya Street. On October 9, 1912, the first wooden cars manufactured in Belgium entered service. Today, Vladivostok's means of public transportation include trolleybus, bus, tram, train, funicular, ferryboat and cutter. The main urban traffic lines are City Center—Vtoraya Rechka, City Center—Pervaya Rechka—3ya Rabochaya—Balyayeva, and City Center—Lugovaya Street.

Education[link]

Vladivostok is home to numerous educational institutions, including seven universities:

• Far Eastern Federal University
• Far Eastern State Technical University
• Marine State University
• Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University
• Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service
• Vladivostok State Medical University
• Pacific State University of Economics

The Presidium of the Far Eastern Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ДВО РАН) as well as ten of its research institutes are also located in Vladivostok, as is the Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (Тихоокеанский научно-исследовательский рыбохозяйственный центр or ТИНРО).

Media[link]

Over fifty newspapers and regional editions to Moscow publications are issued in Vladivostok. The largest newspaper of the Primorsky Krai and the whole Russian Far East is Vladivostok with a circulation of 124,000 copies at the beginning of 1996. Its founder, joint-stock company Vladivostok-News, also issues a weekly English-language newspaper Vladivostok News. Another source of information on the city is the online daily Vladivostok Times. The subjects of the publications issued in these newspapers vary from information around Vladivostok and Primorye to major international events. Newspaper Zolotoy Rog (Golden Horn) gives every detail of economic news. Entertainment materials and cultural news constitute a larger part of Novosti (News) newspaper which is the most popular among Primorye's young people. Also, new online mass media about Russian Far East for foreigners Far East Times. This source invites everyone to take part in informational support of RFE for visitors, travellers and businessmen.

As of 1999, there are also seven radio stations, the most popular being 24-hour VBC (612 kHz, 101.7 MHz) and Europa+ (738 kHz, 104.2 MHz). Europa+ normally broadcasts popular modern British-American music, while the ratio of Russian and foreign songs over VBC is fifty-fifty. Every hour one can hear local news over these radio stations. Radio Vladivostok (1098 kHz) operates from 06:00 till 01:00. It broadcasts several special programs which are devoted to the music of the 1950s-1980s as well as New Age.

Russian rock band Mumiy Troll hails from Vladivostok and frequently puts on shows there. In addition, the city played host to the now-legendary "VladiROCKstok" International Music Festival in September 1996. Hosted by the Mayor and Governor, and organized by two young American expatriates, the festival drew nearly 10,000 people and top-tier musical acts from St. Petersburg (Akvarium and DDT (band)) and Seattle (Supersuckers, Goodness (band)), as well as several leading local bands.^{[citation needed]}

It is the nearest city to the massive Sikhote-Alin Meteorite, which fell on February 12, 1947, in the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, approximately 440 km northeast of Vladivostok.

Culture[link]

Theater[link]

Maxim Gorky Theater

Maxim Gorky Academic Theater, named after Russian author, Maxim Gorky, was founded in 1931 and is used for drama, musical and children's theater performances.

Museums[link]

The Arsenyev Primorye Museum (Приморский государственный объединенный музей имени В.К. Арсеньева), opened in 1890, is the main museum of the Primorsky Krai. Besides the main facility, it has three branches in Vladivostok itself (including Arsenyev's Memorial House), and five branches elsewhere in the krai.^[17] Among the items in the museum's collection are the famous 15th-century Yongning Temple Steles from the lower Amur.

Pollution[link]

Local ecologists from the Ecocenter organization have claimed that much of Vladivostok's suburbs are polluted and that living in them can be classified as a health hazard.^{[citation needed]} The pollution has a number of causes, according to Ecocenter geo-chemical expert Sergey Shlykov. Vladivostok has about eighty industrial sites, which may not be many compared to Russia's most industrialized areas, but those around the city are particularly environmentally unfriendly, such as shipbuilding and repairing, power stations, printing, fur farming and mining. In addition, Vladivostok has a particularly vulnerable geography which compounds the effect of the pollution. Winds cannot clear pollution from some of the most densely populated areas around the Pervaya and Vtoraya Rechka as they sit in basins which the winds blow over. In addition, there is little snow in winter and no leaves or grass to catch the dust to make it settle down.^[18]

Sports[link]

Vladivostok is home to the football club FC Luch-Energiya Vladivostok, who play in the Russian First Division, and basketball club Spartak Primorye, who play in the Russian Basketball Super League.

International relations[link]

U.S. Navy Officer takes part in a bread and salt ceremony, a traditional Slavic welcoming ceremony, after arriving in Vladivostok, 1 July 2007

Twin towns and sister cities[link]

Vladivostok is twinned with:

Notable people[link]

See also[link]

• 32nd Rifle Division
• Vladivostok Police

References[link]

Notes[link]

Sources[link]

• Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №161-КЗ от 14 ноября 2001 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Приморского края», в ред. Закона №855-КЗ от 18 ноября 2011 г «Об изменении категории некоторых населённых пунктов, о преобразовании некоторых городских поселений, входящих в состав Кавалеровского муниципального района Приморского края, и внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Приморского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красное знамя Приморья", №69 (119), 29 ноября 2001 г. (Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai. Law #161-KZ of November 14, 2001 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Primorsky Krai, as amended by the Law #855-KZ of November 18, 2011 On Changing the Category of Several Inhabited Localities, on the Transformation of Several Urban Settlements Within Kavalerovsky Municipal District of Primorsky Krai, and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Primorsky Krai. Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №179-КЗ от 6 декабря 2004 г. «О Владивостокском городском округе». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г.. Опубликован: "Ведомости Законодательного Собрания Приморского края", №76, 7 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai. Law #179-KZ of December 6, 2004 On Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
• Faulstich, Edith. M. "The Siberian Sojourn" Yonkers, N.Y. (1972–1977)
• Poznyak, Tatyana Z. 2004. Foreign Citizens in the Cities of the Russian Far East (the second half of the XIX - XX centuries). Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2004. 316 p. (ISBN 5-8044-0461-X).
• Stephan, John. 1994. The Far East a History. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. 481 p.
• Trofimov, Vladimir et al., 1992, Old Vladivostok. Utro Rossii Vladivostok, ISBN 5-87080-004-8

External links[link]

Wikinews has news related to: Владивосток

• Official website of Vladivostok (Russian)
• Wikitravel on Vladivostok
• Historical Map of Vladivostok (1912), Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas, Austin.

v t e Administrative divisions of Primorsky Krai Administrative center: Vladivostok Cities and towns Arsenyev Artyom Bolshoy Kamen Dalnegorsk Dalnerechensk Fokino Lesozavodsk Nakhodka Partizansk Spassk-Dalny Ussuriysk Vladivostok Urban-type settlements Dunay Gornorechensky Gorny Gornye Klyuchi Kavalerovo Khasan Khrustalny Kirovsky Kraskino Lipovtsy Luchegorsk Novoshakhtinsky Olga Plastun Pogranichny Posyet Preobrazheniye Primorsky Putyatin Rudny Shkotovo Sibirtsevo Slavyanka Smolyaninovo Svetlaya Terney Vostok Vysokogorsk Yaroslavsky Zarubino Districts Anuchinsky Chernigovsky Chuguyevsky Dalnerechensky Kavalerovsky Khankaysky Khasansky Khorolsky Kirovsky Krasnoarmeysky Lazovsky Mikhaylovsky Nadezhdinsky Oktyabrsky Olginsky Partizansky Pogranichny Pozharsky Shkotovsky Spassky Terneysky Yakovlevsky

vep:Vladivostok

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2011)

Yulia Savicheva
Background information
Birth name	Yulia Stanislavovna Savicheva
Born	(1987-02-14) 14 February 1987 (age 25) Kurgan, Russian SFSR, USSR
Genres	Pop rock
Years active	2003–present
Associated acts	Maxim Fadeev "That Kind of Music"
Website	www.savicheva.ru

Yulia Stanislavovna Savicheva (Russian: Ю́лия Станисла́вовна Са́вичева) (born 14 February 1987) is a Russian singer who performed for Russia in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest which was held in Istanbul, Turkey.

Biography[link]

Yulia was born on 14 February 1987, into a family of musicians in the city of Kurgan on the edge of Siberia east of the Ural Mountains. Frequent visitors to her parents included several Russian song writers and music producers. Yulia's father, being an avid piano player, would compose songs for Yulia to sing. This was the beginning of Yulia's career as a star.

Her first experience on stage was at the age of four, with the group Agatha Christie. Her dancing there earned her a standing ovation. After this, she began participating in a dance group where, despite her age, she performed as a soloist. A year later, when she was six, the group (in which her father also worked) was invited to work in Moscow. There, she participated in several musical events in the recreation center at MAI. Meanwhile, her mother got a job at the recreation center as manager of the children's department.

All of Yulia's free time was spent with musicians in the recreation center or in the theater. Her first major appearance was a lead role in the recreation center's New Year's performance, which was her first paid performance and for which Yulia had to learn ballroom dancing. At the same time, she was also studying in school and participating in the dance group Zhuravushka.

Her creative potential led to an invitation from L. Azadanova, offering Yulia a place in her dance group, which she took up. It was then that Yulia began to sing as well as dance. Later, in 2001, the producer Poleiko invited her to play the lead role in the New Year's performance at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, which she did with such success that she was chosen to play the lead in the next year's performance as well.

In March 2003, Star Factory started its 2nd season. The producer of the project, Maxim Fadeev, had already crossed Yulia's path once before when she had worked as back-vocalist on Russian artist Linda's album, Vorona (Crow) in 1996. Although Yulia participated in the contest, she was eliminated in the semi-finals. Despite this, however, her songs went on to become hits, including "Korabli" (Ships), "Vysoko" (High) and "Prosti za lyubov'" (Sorry for Loving You); and Yulia later came back to host the show.

In March 2004, Yulia participated in another contest, World's Best, and in May she won 11th place at the Eurovision contest with her song, "Believe Me". Her first album was finally released in 2005 with the title Vysoko. About half the material on the album was co-written with former musicians from the band Total.

In August 2005, Yulia wrote the song, "Esli v serdtse zhivyot lyubov" (If Love Lives in Your Heart), which became the theme for the TV series Don't Be Born Beautiful on STS. The song went on to become yet another hit, and she released an album of the same name in November. The album included the title track as well as live versions of songs from her first album. In June, 2006, she released Magnit, on which Anastasia Maksimova wrote the majority of the songs. This, too, was very successful.

In September 2007, she had concerts in Japan (Tokyo and Osaka). In February 2008, she released an album titled Origami. Her latest single "Goodbye, Lyubov'" announces a new album which is yet to be finalised.

And adding up to all that she was in the musical "That Kind of Music". Acting as the daughter of a Ballet dancer who owns a big studio, but since they are about to loose it "Yulia Savicheva" and her friends try to help by making a musical of their own to earn money and this is done with help from the soccer team.^[1]

Discography[link]

• Vysoko (2005)
• Esli v serdtse zhivyot lyubov (2005)
• Magnit (2006)

1. Привет / Privet
2. Отпусти / Otpusti
3. Если в сердце живёт любовь / Esli v serdtse zhivyot lyubov
4. Здравствуй, это я / Zdravstvuy, eto ya
5. Лёгкие / Lyogkiye
6. Мало / Malo
7. Виноград / Vinograd
8. Как твои дела / Kak tvoi dela
9. Я хочу в твои глаза / Ya khochu v tvoi glaza
10. Седьмое небо / Sedmoe nebo
11. Если в сердце живёт любовь (NeoMaster remix)
12. Лёгкие (Navigator remix)
13. Седьмое небо (Andrei Harchenko remake)

• Origami (2008)

1. Любовь-Москва / Lyubov-Moskva
2. Выше звёзд / Vyshe zvyozd
3. Никак / Nikak
4. Ядерный взрыв / Yadernyy vzryv
5. Зима / Zima
6. Половинка / Polovinka
7. Это судьба / Eto sud'ba (duet with A. Makarsky)
8. Послезавтра / Poslezavtra
9. Кто-То Придумал Любовь / Kto-to pridumal lyubov
10. Пепел / Pepel
11. Никак / Nikak

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website (Russian)
• Yulia Savicheva on Myspace
• Yulia Savicheva at the Internet Movie Database
• English translations of Yulia Savicheva's songs
• Yulia Savicheva on Facebook